According to the results contained in the 2015 Yearbook of Cultural Statistics, the culture sector is the driving force behind the development of other sectors of great economic significance, such as the tourism sector. The 2015 Yearbook of Cultural Statistics contains a selection of the most important culture-related statistical results, offering information on the status quo in terms of culture in Spain, its social value and its condition as a source of wealth and economic development in Spanish society.
The results from a specific study conducted for the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport on the statistics gathered by the Institute for Tourism Studies indicate that 14.7% of trips made by residents in Spain in 2014 for leisure, recreation or holiday purposes were mainly begun for cultural reasons (12.1 million trips). The 7.1 million inbound tourists who mainly travelled for cultural reasons in 2014 can be added to this total, a figure that represents 12.6% of all trips made for leisure, recreation or holiday purposes by inbound tourists.
It should also be noted that 60.7% of trips made in 2014 by residents in Spain included some sort of cultural activity. This figure stands at 56% for inbound tourists visiting Spain.
Cultural employment grew by 5.6%
Employment in the field of culture rose to 511,800 people in 2014 (483,300 people in 2013, an increase of 5.6%), accounting on average for 3% of all jobs in Spain over the year.
Significant differences in terms of gender can be seen between jobs linked to cultural activities and total employment, with a greater proportion of men, at 60.2%. This compares with 54.4% in total employment.
Cultural employment is also characterised by higher-than-average academic training, with higher education rates above those seen in the national total (67.4% compared with 42%). 70.3% of cultural jobs are held by salaried employees, a lower figure than that seen in the overall total (82.4%), with cultural employment posting full- and part-time employment rates of 85% and 15%, respectively. The data come from a specific study on the Labour Force Survey (INE) conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport.
More public investment in culture by the State
The statistical results indicate that the investment made in culture by the General State Administration Services in 2014 stood at 679 million euros, an increase of 7.9% on the previous year (630 million euros in 2013).
3.5% of companies are engaged in cultural activities
The number of companies engaged in certain trade activities and rental of cultural assets, together with those of industry and services whose main economic activity is associated with culture, stood at 107,922 at the start of 2014, i.e. 3.5% of all those companies recorded in the Central Directory of Companies kept by the National Institute of Statistics (INE).
Spaniards allocate 2.4% of their spending on goods and services to culture
According to the 2006 Base Household Budgets Survey (INE), household spending on culture-related goods and services amounted to 11.96 billion euros in 2014, accounting for 2.4% of total spending on goods and services.
The average spend per household on cultural goods and services stood at 653.60 euros, and the average spend per person stood at 260.10 euros. The most significant components of cultural spending subject to analysis are: Books and Periodical Publications (13.9%); Cultural Services (35.2%); and Audiovisual Devices and Internet (44.3%).
The average spend per household falls as the size of the town decreases, with the highest spending figures recorded in towns of over 100,000 inhabitants. It is higher than the average in the autonomous regions of Aragon, the Principality of Asturias, the Balearic Islands, Cantabria, Catalonia, the Region of Madrid, the Provincial Region of Navarre and the Basque Country, with the highest figure being in Catalonia.
When analysing the indicators on price trends for certain products linked to culture obtained from the statistics produced by the 2011 Base Consumer Price Index (INE), the results indicate that the Press and Magazines CPI rose by 1.4 points in 2014, while the Books CPI rose by 0.4 points. All other headings fell in year-on-year terms, with the sharpest decline posted by Photographic and Cinematographic Equipment, down 9.6 points.
Surplus in the foreign trade of book-related cultural assets
As regards the data on the foreign trade of cultural assets, the results posted by books and press in 2014 are worth highlighting, with exports worth 526.2 million euros and a positive trade balance of 156.8 million euros.
In 2014, the export of culture-related assets stood at 688.6 million euros, compared with imports of 813.8 million euros. The study analyses exchange flows per geographic area of origin and destination. According to the results, the European Union was the largest destination for exports (58.1%), followed by Ibero-America (25.9%). The European Union was also the largest source of imports (75.3%).
Statistics on Spanish Book Publication with ISBN
The results from the statistics on Spanish Book Publication with ISBN include e-books and books that are published or distributed via the Internet or on other media that may appear in the future. According to this definition, the number of books registered with ISBN in 2014 stood at 90,802, an increase of 1.9% on 2013.
By type of media, it should be noted that 68,400 (75.3% of all those registered) correspond to printed books and 22,400 (24.7%) to other media. By sub-sector, the largest proportion of books registered in 2014 (32.6%) tackle social sciences and humanities, followed by those of literary creation (20.2%), text books (14.5%), books for children and teenagers (11.3%) and scientific and technical books (9.9%).
The information in this edition of the Yearbook has been added to CULTURAbase, the database available in the section on cultural statistics of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport website.
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